Thinklog Wargafikir

By Zaky Jaaar Modern education, research governance, and quality assurance increasingly operate on an unspoken assumption: that science—understood as measurement, prediction, and method—is the best, and often the only, reliable arbiter of truth. This assumption rarely appears as an explicit philosophical claim. Instead, it emerges cumulatively through a set of maxims that feel intuitively “obvious,” pragmatic, and neutral. Yet when taken together, these maxims form not science, but scientism —the belief that scientific method exhausts what it means to know. This essay examines those maxims, explains why each can fail, and argues that the elevation of science to a total epistemology has serious consequences for education, especially in fields concerned with meaning, creativity, and judgment. The Rise of Method as Authority Science has earned its authority through extraordinary success. Its methods have transformed medicine, technology, and our understanding of the physical universe...

There was once a time when universities were sanctuaries of curiosity, where scholars wrestled with ideas rather than metrics, and where the pursuit of wisdom animated the academic life. But the modern university—particularly in the era of KPIs, scorecards, and managerial reductionism—has transformed into a machine that rewards compliance over creativity, obedience over originality. In this environment, a disturbing species has proliferated: the intellectual zombie. Intellectual zombies are not defined by a lack of qualification. Many hold doctorates, professorial titles, and impressive-looking résumés. The problem is not their credentials but their hollowness. They move by reflex, animated not by intellectual impulse but by bureaucratic demands: directives, templates, matrixes, and checklists. These are the scholars who can only function when given instructions. Remove the KPIs and handbook, and they are lost—staring blankly, unsure of what scholarship demands when no external authori...

Penyelidikan dalam disiplin rekabentuk telah lama dipengaruhi—sering kali secara bermasalah—oleh epistemologi positivistik dan reduksionis yang menganggap pengetahuan hanya sah apabila ia boleh diukur, digeneralisasikan dan dinilai secara objektif. Para sarjana menunjukkan bahawa paradigma ini, yang banyak diimport daripada sains tabii, cenderung memecahkan fenomena rekabentuk yang kompleks kepada pemboleh ubah atau teknik yang terasing, sehingga mengaburkan dimensi sosio-budaya, pengalaman dan interpretatif yang merupakan teras siasatan rekabentuk. Broadbent (2002) menjelaskan bagaimana “era reduksionis” dalam penyelidikan rekabentuk menggalakkan penguraian rekabentuk kepada komponen teknikal yang berasingan, menghasilkan pengetahuan yang tepat secara prosedural tetapi cetek secara epistemik, dengan kemampuan terhad untuk menjelaskan kerumitan dunia sebenar. Begitu juga, van Doorn dan Moes (2008), merujuk Horváth (2006), berhujah bahawa tradisi awal penyelidikan rekabentuk menganggap ...

  Oleh Zaky Jaafar Penulisan akademik hari ini berada dalam ketegangan pelik antara keseragaman dan hakikat kerencaman pemikiran. Di satu pihak, universiti dan jurnal semakin menuntut penyeragaman—abstrak berstruktur, susunan yang boleh dijangka, gaya rujukan yang ketat, dan keperluan metodologi yang ditentukan secara terperinci. Sedangkan, tradisi yang membina dunia keilmuan moden jarang sekali diseragamkan. Tidak banyak teks yang kita anggap “muktabar” akan lolos proses penilaian ‘peer review’ moden tanpa dibantai habis. Kant mungkin diarahkan untuk “mengemas struktur hujah,” Hegel untuk “memperjelas kerangka konsep,” dan Augustine untuk “mengurangkan naratif yang tidak berkaitan.” Sebaliknya karya mereka padat, tidak sekata dan kadang-kadang sukar, namun ia bertahan kerana keberanian intelektual mereka melampaui batas keseragaman. Penyeragaman yang kita tuntut hari ini bukan sifat semula jadi karya-karya tersebut; ia dihasilkan oleh abad-abad komentar dan tafsiran. Gadamer (19...

by Zaky Jaafar Academic writing today occupies a strange tension between form and thought. On one hand, universities and journals increasingly insist on standardisation—structured abstracts, predictable sequences, rigid referencing styles, and tightly specified methodological declarations. On the other hand, the very traditions that built modern scholarship were rarely standardised. Few of the texts we consider “seminal” would survive contemporary peer review without major revisions. Kant would be told to “tighten his argumentation,” Hegel to “clarify his conceptual framework,” and Augustine to “reduce unnecessary narrative digressions.” Their works were dense, uneven, at times opaque, yet they endured because their intellectual ambition exceeded stylistic constraints.   The coherence we now demand was not inherent in these foundational texts; it was produced by centuries of commentary. Gadamer (1975) reminds us that meaning unfolds across time, shaped by readers who reinterpret ...

Throughout human history, the advancement of civilization has often rested upon the shoulders of a relatively small group of individuals dedicated to the pursuit of knowledge. In ancient times, societies across the globe developed distinct classes or guilds of scholars, priests, philosophers, or scientists who were granted the time, resources, and social prestige necessary to explore and expand human understanding. These knowledge pursuers were often privileged not just materially, but also socially and spiritually, tasked with interpreting the cosmos, advising rulers, healing the sick, and preserving cultural memory. This essay examines how various ancient civilizations institutionalized such learned elites, enabling them to operate as protected and honored stewards of intellectual progress. From the philosopher-kings of Greece to the Confucian literati of China, and from the scribes of Egypt to the scholars of the Islamic Golden Age, the pattern is consistent: societies that valued ...

Human beings are not just conscious. We are metacognitive: we do not simply think, we notice ourselves thinking, we judge our own judgments. That small inner loop—the voice that asks Why did I act this way? Could I do this differently? —is the seed from which all civilizations grow. It scales upward into culture, law, science, economy, and politics. Without it, humanity would still have language, tools, and customs—but not philosophy, technology, markets, or justice. And yet, in our time, this very backbone is being hollowed out. The modern world, obsessed with measurement and machinery, is squeezing the life of metacognition out of education, and with it, out of society itself. What we are left with are efficient, productive agents of capitalism—young people who can perform with precision, but who cannot step back to ask why. It is a path that leads not to progress but to the slow destruction of civilization’s soul. From Inner Reflection to Collective Order Metacognition begins a...

Scientists are ordinary people with access to expensive telescopes and microscopes.  Whereas thinkers are ordinary people, but with access to extraordinary mindscapes . Their tools are not machines but imagination, reflection, intuition, metaphysical curiosity, and the ability to perceive connections beyond the quantifiable. Demystifying scientists and science The authority of science in modern culture has often obscured a simple truth: scientists are, fundamentally, ordinary people who happen to wield extraordinary tools. A telescope does not transform its operator into a sage; a microscope does not confer transcendental wisdom. These instruments extend the range of perception outward and downward, allowing the eye to reach the distant cosmos or the hidden cellular world. But the capacity to look further is not the same as the capacity to understand more deeply. Bruno Latour’s ethnographic study of laboratories underscored this point: scientific facts are not the product of supe...

  “Reconstruction of Thoreau’s cabin at Walden Pond, Concord, Massachusetts — a site of philosophical retreat and inquiry into the essentials of life (1845–1847).” source: www.loa.org Introduction Human beings thirst not only for food, shelter, and security, but also for meaning. This thirst is metaphysical: it concerns our need for significance, belonging, and transcendence. Yet modern industrial-capitalist society, with its fixation on production, consumption, and measurable outputs, blinds us to this deeper dimension. For a time, this blinding seems tolerable; civilization can ignore the metaphysical hunger so long as material life proceeds. But the repression of meaning has consequences. When human longing is displaced into consumption, it accelerates resource extraction, fuels conflicts over scarcity, and leads to power struggles that endanger the very survival of humanity. To understand this trajectory, we can turn to three thinkers: Henry David Thoreau (1817–1862) , who ...

Plato once told the story of Gyges, a shepherd who discovered a ring that granted invisibility. Empowered by the cloak of unseen action, Gyges seduced the queen, murdered the king, and seized the throne without fear of judgment. The ring removed the eyes of others, dissolving the restraints of reputation and accountability. It asked the timeless question: if one could act without consequence, would one still choose justice? Reductionism functions like a modern Ring of Gyges. It, too, grants a kind of invisibility — not of the body, but of motives, sentiments, and the living depth of human intention. When knowledge is reduced to measurable fragments, actions are presented as if they emerged in a vacuum, stripped of the moral and emotional textures that animate real human choice. The actor becomes invisible behind the method. Decisions appear neutral, “objective,” beyond reproach, even when they carry profound consequences. This cloak of reductionism allows scholars, policyma...

(Disclaimer- The central proposition of this writing belongs to the author. Generative AI was used to flesh out the structure, subthemes, discussions and references) Part I & Part II ,  Part III ,  Part IV ,  Part V Part IV: Hany Atchan’s Minimalist Hermeneutics and Reductionism Introduction: A Lesser-Known Voice While Yasir Qadhi has emerged as a prominent figure in Anglophone Islamic discourse, Hany Atchan represents a quieter but equally significant stream of Muslim thought, one that emphasizes a minimalist, rationalist, and reductionist approach to divine texts. Atchan’s intellectual presence is mainly felt through lectures, blog posts, and teaching engagements rather than formal publications. His hermeneutics revolve around stripping religious practice down to its essential ethical and spiritual commitments, often pushing further than Qadhi in deconstructing inherited theological and ritual structures. Minimalism and Hermeneutical Reductionism Atchan’s reductioni...