REDAKSIONISME DAN KEGANASAN: PANDANGAN VANDANA SHIVA

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Vandana Shiva adalah seorang ilmuwan dari India yang terkenal dengan pandangan kritikalnya terhadap eksploitasi alam sekitar oleh sains dan kapitalisma. Dia juga dikenali diatas perjuangannya menjulang pertanian mesra alam dan menentang penghasilan pertanian GMO.

Suatu artikel menarik yang ditulisnya bertajuk "Redaksonisme sebagai keganasan epistemologi (Reductionist Science as Epistemological violence)" (1) memaparkan penentangan keras beliau terhadap redaksionisme dalam bidang keilmuan. Shiva melontarkan pandangan bahawa redaksionisme bukan hanya menjadi asas kepada teknologi keganasan perang dan kapitalisme liar, bahkan ia adalah ideologi ganas yang merobek keilmuan manusia melalui politik epistemologi. Beliau menyatakan keganasan yang dilakukan oleh redaksionisme ada dalam empat bentuk:

  1. Keganasan terhadap subjek ilmu
  2. Keganasan terhadap objek Ilmu
  3. Keganasan terhadap penerima ilmu
  4. dan keganasan terhadap ilmu itu sendiri.

Antara kaedah redaksionisme kini menjadi dominan ialah melalui apa yang kita fahami sebagai  'Ilmu Sains' , 'Kaedah Saintifik' dan 'eksperimen makmal terkawal." Redaksionisme asalnya pendekatan yang sangat tepat untuk memahami ilmu sains semulajadi, dan matematik. Namun ia menjadi pendekatan yang sesat apabila digunakan untuk memahami kehidupan, terutamanya kehidupan manusia. Redaksionisme juga secara halusnya menyebabkan terjadi pemisahan antara "pakar" dan "sijahil". Selain itu juga ia menjadikan sang pakar sebagai sijahil apabila berada diluar kepakaran bidangnya. Secara ringkasnya, ia menjadikan ilmu hanya dikuasai oleh golongan terpilih dalam bidang masing2 dan penyatuan ilmu dianggap sebagai sesuatu yang remeh dan tidak sahih.

Artikel ini amat penting untuk para ilmuwan memahami konsep 'ilmu' dari perspektif yang luas sebelum mereka menggunakan 'ilmu' untuk mengkaji dan menyelesaikan masalah manusia.


Oleh Zaky Jaafar (Jan 2022)

(1) "Science, Hegemony and violence: A Requiem for Modernity, Volume 1" Ashis Nandy, Ed. United Nations University, 1990




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